The fields of Psychology - in general – and Educational Psychology - in particular - have a great deal to offer architectural educa-' tors and students in their search for training and becoming a better problem-solver and designer. Understanding the human nature of thinking and reasoning mechanisms, as the central issue of the design process, makes the major content in this article. This article reviews the subject of "thinking" and all related categories of: "types", "modes", and "styles" of thinking with respect to design. The subject of "Interactive" model of thinking and design process, as the most comprehensive model of thinking, has been introduced in this article. For this purpose, the Iowa State University's "Complex Thinking Processes" model - which defines an interaction between "Content/Basic", "Critical", and "Creative" thinking - is integrated with a proposed model for design methodology - which introduces an interaction between three stages of "Understanding", "Idealizing", and "Presenting". At the end, some educational recommendations have been made in an attempt to set an educational methodology for Architectural design education.

Nowadays, with the development of digital technology, the role of computer applications is important in art, especially in fabric and cloth design. Note that in traditional methods, it is not possible to interact with the consumer until the end of the design process, and if the final design is not approved by them, all design steps must be repeated. Typical design software systems only work well for professionals and are difficult for non-professionals to work with; therefore, there is a need to use systems that can provide the interaction between the user and the system while maintaining design speed, which is essential in this field. In this research, a fabric design assistance system based on the Interactive genetic algorithm has been developed. To design the fabric, patterns and colors available in Qashqai kilims, as well as the type of pattern arrangement in kilims, were used. The designs produced by the system are displayed to the user to estimate the level of fitness. According to the user's evaluation, weaker designs are discarded, and stronger designs are improved by passing through the system again, and finally, the desired design is created. The results show that the use of the proposed system in the fabric design industry enables designers, buyers, and even fabric manufacturers to apply their taste in the fabric design process. As inferred from the users' point of view, reducing the design process time, reducing related costs, and achieving multiple designs in the shortest possible time are the advantages of this system.

Objectives: Healthy air is free of any pollutants, including odors, harmful gasses, dust and viruses, especially corona. This healthy air is provided by a purifier device. One of the problems of metropolises is the lack of healthy air, which is one of the most important human needs. The aim of this study was to design a new home air purifier with Interactive and ergonomic features. Methods: The purpose and nature of this research are applied and qualitativedescriptive, respectively. A survey method is used to collect data. The most important tool in the field study is verbal-visual (researcher-made questionnaire) and has benefited from the analysis of relevant experts, Delphi group. Its design method was the so-called design up (Tarrahi Nameh in Persian) where it is based on the interaction design and user-centered approach and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate the different stages of the project. Results: The achievement of this research is a new home air purifier with Interactive and ergonomic features with Nik mark. On the one hand, it is easy to use and accelerates the purification operation with a larger area than the existing devices through different filters, and on the other hand, it is easy to assemble, economical and optimally designed. It has automatic and manual adjustment of fan speed and remote control, it has the ability to be used standing and wall-mounted, and it is environmentally friendly. Conclusion: Eventually this design offered effectiveness, efficiency, safety/comfortability, utility, learnability and memorability as elements of usability. It also demonstrates features such as visibility, feedback, constraints, adaptability and affordance as the goals of interaction design. Finally, this design conducted a satisfactory user experience.

Background and purpose: Studies have shown the advantages of e-CME programs. Developing case-based e-CME activities, which is a popular format of e-CME programs, is difficult and time-consuming. In this article, we have discussed our experience in designing instructional system for creating case-based e-CME contents.Methods: We designed the instructional system in five steps (i.e., system analysis, design, development, delivery, and evaluation) to create e-contents. We held several sessions with subject experts to analyze the system. Then, we determined the contents’ framework and created a plan for faculty members’ development and incentives. In the development phase, we held workshops for faculty members and trained e-learning advisors who were to help faculties create contents. Incentives were legitimized. Then, we delivered programs to the learners who would fill a program evaluation questionnaire after completing the study of each program.Results: A total of 20 e-CME programs were developed and delivered to the learners and a total of 3644 learner-programs were studied. The cases rated the programs as 4.56 (SD=0.65) on a 1-5 Likert-type scale.Conclusions: Results showed that the learners rated this learning activity highly. However, we faced some challenges in developing the contents. In future, designing a comprehensive instructional system would help overcome these barriers.

The large gap between academic lessons in architecture schools and the labor market in society has made many graduates of architecture schools unfamiliar with the work process and solving architectural issues in society. An important constituent which has been present in Iranian education and training culture from yesteryear, which can be seen in novel education stands around the world, is collaborative education. In this method, learners get accustomed to concerns related to collective benefits and group problem solving. Thus, after graduation students gain higher ability to identify issues in society and solve problems with colleagues and interact with others. The aim of this study is to present a model for collaborative architectural design education, on the subject of decreasing the gap between academic education and work. Some of the benefits which can be gained from this method include preparing learners for work and social life, improving awareness of the educational issue by grouping students of different levels, strengthening students’ responsibility and commitment towards their surrounding environment, objectivism in education, academic education based on the realities of society. In this study, the method is qualitative and post positivism. It is inductive and first-degree data was collected, organized, and classified. It sought to discover issues surrounding architectural design education in a collaborative manner. The presented model consequently showed that it is not only synergistic, but also instigates efficiency in design education students. It can also significantly reduce the gap between academic education and the labor market.

Photovoltaic (PV) inverters, as the key technology for integrating PVs into the grid, are increasingly gaining importance. They are manufactured from a few kW for a single inverter to tens of kW for a number of inverters operating in parallel. The two-level three-phase topology is the basic topology for such inverters. It produces lots of harmonics which necessitates significant suppressions prior to be connected to the grid. The LCL filter is known as an effective topology in significantly attenuating harmonics with small filter components. In this paper, we propose a simulation-aided design for the LCL filter to be employed in grid-Interactive PV inverters. Starting from some initial values for the filter parameters, the proposed approach imposes analytical as well as simulation constraints. Simulations, performed in Matlab/Simulink, are repeated as long as the Total Harmonics Distortions (THD) in the injected current to grid reaches its limit, i. e. THD =5%. As a design goal, attempts are made to reduce inductors’ sizes, since they are voluminous and sources for Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI). Simulations are provided both for the inverter mode in which some active power is injected to the grid and for the active rectifier mode in which some active power is absorbed from the grid.

Background and Objectives: The jewelry industry accounts for a large share of the income of the people and the government. Workbench and chair are the main tool for manufactures, designers, art students and repairmen in this field as a group of users for the efficiency of making jewelry. This research seeks to design a workbench and chair for making jewelry that, in addition to being modular, is also Interactive and ergonomic. Methods: This research is practical as well as qualitative-descriptive nature. It has used a survey method to collect data in which its most important tools in the practical were verbal-visual (questionnaire, interview) and non-verbal (observation). Its design method was the so-call design up (Tarrahi Nameh in Persian) where has based on the interaction design and user-centered approach. One of the most useful techniques called hierarchical analysis process (AHP) has been employed to prioritize users and selected designs. Results: The result of this research is a modular, Interactive and ergonomic workbench and chair under the Mosavvab brand. Their users have the advantage of an independent design resulting from its modularity, benefit from usability as well as engagement user experience due to its interactivity and finally they satisfy from its safety and comfort due to its ergonomics. Conclusion: This achievement eliminates tangible and intangible problems and not only provide users with personal satisfaction, but also reduce the need for many medical treatments. Six elements of usability such as effectiveness, efficiency, safety/comfort, utility, easy to learn and ease to memory, on the one hand would be brought. The goals of interaction design as visibility, feedback, constraints, consistency, affordance and engagement user experience, on the other hand, would be illustrated.